Washington imposes sanctions on rebel leaders in eastern RDC

The United States Department of the Treasury has announced a new wave of sanctions targeting two prominent commanders of armed groups operating in the eastern République Démocratique du Congo. This move is part of a broader diplomatic effort to address the persistent conflict and promote stability in the region.

M23 intelligence chief designated

Among those sanctioned is John Imani Nzenze, the head of intelligence for the M23 rebel movement. Nzenze is identified as a primary advisor to Sultani Makenga, a leader already under both US and United Nations sanctions. Having been a key figure since the group’s initial uprising in 2012, Nzenze has a long history of directing military operations against the national forces of the RDC.

Crackdown on FDLR operations

The Treasury also blacklisted Gustave Kubwayo, frequently referred to as “Colonel Sirkoof.” As a leader within the FDLR‘s intelligence and special operations units, Kubwayo has been active in the Nyiragongo territory of North-Kivu, contributing to the insecurity plaguing the area.

Diplomatic expectations and financial consequences

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent clarified that these measures are intended to enforce the principles of the Washington Accords signed in late 2025. The US continues to call for the RDC to neutralize the FDLR and its partners, while simultaneously demanding that Rwanda withdraw its military personnel and end its support for the M23. These sanctions effectively freeze all assets belonging to the designated individuals that fall under US jurisdiction or are held by American citizens.