The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) is preparing for a pivotal assessment of Burkina Faso on October 23, 2024. Observers emphasize that the commission must address the deteriorating humanitarian situation, focusing on the safety of civilians, the protection of activists and journalists, and the urgent need for legal accountability regarding severe violations.

The gap between official reports and reality

Under the African Union’s reporting framework, member states must periodically demonstrate their adherence to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. However, the May 2023 report submitted by Burkina Faso, which spans the 2015-2021 period, largely ignores critical contemporary issues. These include widespread atrocities linked to both government security forces and Islamist insurgents, as well as the narrowing of fundamental freedoms and a culture of impunity.

Allan Ngari, an advocacy expert for Africa, noted that this review is a vital chance to confront the Burkinabè authorities about their record. He stressed that the ACHPR must insist on the prioritization of civilian safety during military operations and strict compliance with international humanitarian law.

A nation gripped by conflict

Since 2016, Burkina Faso has been embroiled in a violent struggle against groups such as the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) and the Al-Qaeda-affiliated Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM). This instability has been further complicated by two military coups since 2022. While the government’s official documentation highlights efforts to combat “violent extremism” through specialized investigative units and human rights training for troops, independent reports paint a much darker picture.

Evidence suggests that state forces have been involved in extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances of hundreds of civilians accused of aiding insurgents. These actions, some of which may constitute crimes against humanity, have occurred alongside horrific abuses by Islamist groups, including sexual violence, kidnappings, and the prolonged sieges of various communities.

Calls for justice and accountability

International bodies have previously raised alarms regarding massacres in villages like Karma and Zaongo, calling for transparent investigations. Despite the Burkinabè government holding the primary responsibility for delivering justice, there has been minimal progress in prosecuting those behind these atrocities. The official state report fails to provide updates on any judicial proceedings or investigations into alleged military misconduct during the period in question.

The suppression of civic voices

Beyond the battlefield, the ruling junta has intensified its crackdown on dissent. Since seizing power, the administration has targeted political opponents, members of the press, and human rights defenders. Key tactics of repression include:

• Illegal conscription: Using military service as a punitive measure against critics.
• Abductions: The forced disappearance of high-profile dissidents and journalists.
• Judicial harassment: Intimidating activists through legal threats and retaliation.

The ACHPR has expressed deep concern over the kidnapping of figures like Daouda Diallo and the disappearance of three journalists whose whereabouts remain unknown. Despite pleas from families and legal counsel, the authorities have remained silent.

The need for a fact-finding mission

Given that the ACHPR has not conducted an official visit to Burkina Faso in several years, there are growing calls for the commission to seek authorization for a formal mission. Such a visit would allow for a comprehensive evaluation of the human rights landscape and the publication of an independent report.

In conclusion, the ACHPR must engage in a rigorous dialogue regarding the abuses committed by all parties in the conflict. It is essential to recommend concrete steps that safeguard the rights of journalists and activists, ensuring they can operate within Burkina Faso without the threat of violence or abduction.