Gabon’s latest social media regulations have sparked sharp debate among citizens. A recently leaked ordinance, dated February 26, introduces sweeping changes to how online platforms must operate in the country. At the heart of the controversy is Article 4, which now prohibits the use of usernames or fake names. Every social media user—whether individual or business—must provide their full legal name, personal identification number (NIP), and, in the case of companies, their commercial registration details.

This move aims to curb online abuse, defamation, and disinformation by holding users accountable for their digital actions. Supporters argue it will restore transparency and reduce the prevalence of anonymous trolls spreading misinformation or insults. Among those in favor is content creator Bienvenue Effayong, who goes by the local nickname Bitome (meaning “the problems”). Known for his pro-government stance, Effayong has faced repeated harassment from anonymous critics on social platforms.

Effayong strongly supports the new law, stating, “I fully agree—100%, if not 1,000%—because people hide behind fake accounts, insulting and destabilizing the nation under the illusion of anonymity. Now, everyone must take responsibility for their words and actions.”

However, critics, including former transitional deputy Marcel Libama, warn that the ordinance poses a severe threat to free speech. “This is a direct assault on constitutional freedoms and democracy,” he argues. “We do not need laws that stifle expression while claiming to uphold it.”

The ordinance, issued during a parliamentary recess, is already in effect but remains subject to review by the National Assembly, which may amend, approve, or reject it. Social media platforms in Gabon have been officially suspended since February as part of broader efforts to regulate digital communication.

Government officials justify the crackdown as a necessary step to protect young users and prevent harmful behaviors like cyberbullying, defamation, and attempts to undermine state institutions.