Gabon’s mining sector takes center stage in post-oil economic transition

With its oil production steadily declining, Gabon is accelerating its economic diversification strategy. The country is now prioritizing its vast mineral resources to drive growth, reduce reliance on hydrocarbons, and secure long-term prosperity. Authorities have set an ambitious target: launching eight new mining operations by 2030.

Key mineral projects shaping Gabon’s mining future

The Minister of Mines, Sosthène Nguema Nguema, confirmed that multiple projects are currently advancing, focusing on high-value minerals such as iron, gold, and potash. Among the most significant developments are:

• New iron ore mines in Milingui, Baniaka, Mébaga, and M’Bilan;
• Gold mining expansion at Etéké;
• A dedicated potash extraction project.

These initiatives are expected to transform Gabon’s economic landscape, with mining’s contribution to GDP projected to jump from 6% to nearly 20% in the coming years. Beyond boosting national revenue, the sector is poised to generate thousands of jobs and stimulate ancillary industries.

Infrastructure upgrades: the backbone of mining success

Achieving these goals hinges on modernizing Gabon’s infrastructure. Economist Orphée Mouelé emphasized that upgrading roads, railways, ports, and energy supply is critical. These enhancements will lower logistics costs, streamline mineral transportation, and enhance competitiveness in global markets.

Efficient infrastructure is particularly vital for remote mining sites, where poor connectivity and unreliable power can stall operations. The government is investing in targeted upgrades to ensure seamless mineral evacuation and processing.

Balancing economic growth with social impact

While the mining sector offers immense potential, civil society organizations are urging transparency and equitable benefit-sharing. Éthique et Bonne Gouvernance, a leading NGO, asserts that success must be measured not just by financial gains but by tangible improvements in local communities. Sustainable development, fair labor practices, and inclusive growth are non-negotiable priorities.

The organization advocates for policies that ensure revenues from mining activities directly benefit Gabonese citizens, particularly those in mining regions. Without robust governance, the sector risks exacerbating inequalities rather than fostering shared prosperity.

Local processing: reducing vulnerability to global markets

The government is committed to local mineral processing to boost value addition. By refining raw materials domestically, Gabon aims to:

• Strengthen its industrial base;
• Increase export revenues through higher-value products;
• Mitigate the economic volatility tied to oil price fluctuations.

This strategy aligns with the broader vision of economic resilience, ensuring that Gabon’s future is not solely dependent on a single commodity. With the right policies and investments, the mining sector could become a cornerstone of sustainable development.