The Republic of Mali is set to overhaul its defense and security architecture, introducing a modernized framework that integrates internal security, cyber defense, and comprehensive crisis management. The newly adopted law, approved by the National Transitional Council, replaces the 2004 national defense statute, reflecting two decades of evolving security challenges.

Passed in July 2026 by the 125 voting members of the National Transitional Council, the reform aims to redefine strategic decision-making, operational command, and the roles of local stakeholders. Speaking before the Council, General Daoud Aly Mohammedine, Minister of Security and Civil Protection, emphasized that over twenty years of implementation and shifting security dynamics necessitated this comprehensive update. He also highlighted the inclusive nature of the process, with security actors actively contributing to the preparatory work.

The 2004 framework, while primarily focused on military operations, already addressed internal security, civil defense, and the participation of local governments, civil society, and citizens. Under the previous system, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces led military operations and, during territorial defense operations, held authority over certain security forces.

Broadening the scope of national security

The updated legislation builds on existing responsibilities by clarifying and expanding them to address contemporary threats. Internal security and cyber defense are now explicitly recognized as critical components of national security. The National Security Council and the National Defense Committee replace the former Superior Defense Council and Defense Committee, aiming to enhance coordination and strategic direction under the leadership of the Head of State.

The reform also strengthens the operational command structure, centralizing it under the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces within the framework of territorial defense. This centralization ensures a more rapid and unified response when multiple forces are deployed against attacks, major crises, or cross-border threats. Notably, the Police, Gendarmerie, National Guard, and Civil Protection remain under military command only during specific operations, not permanently.

Since 2022, the National Police and Civil Protection have operated under a militarized status, a change incorporated into the new framework. This adjustment facilitates their integration into a more cohesive security apparatus while preserving their primary roles in public safety and emergency response.

During his address to the National Transitional Council, General Daoud Aly Mohammedine outlined three key priorities: bolstering territorial administration, leveraging traditional leadership in counterterrorism efforts, and continuing the recruitment and equipping of security forces. These priorities align with the expanded role assigned to the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization, which now oversees civil defense, coordinates decentralized services, engages local governments, and mobilizes communities. The goal is to establish an early warning system rooted in local municipalities without turning citizens into auxiliary forces.

Cyber threats and ground-level coordination

The reform extends beyond traditional security to address the digital domain. In June, the government enacted legislation establishing the National Agency for Information Systems Security (ANSSI), as outlined in the National Cybersecurity Strategy 2026–2030. The ANSSI will coordinate responses to cyberattacks and safeguard critical infrastructure and services, positioning cyber defense as a strategic pillar of state protection. Cybersecurity, meanwhile, encompasses broader efforts to secure government networks, communication systems, and digital services.

Additionally, the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Initiative (DDR-I) serves as a practical test of inter-agency coordination. On August 4, 254 recruits—former members of armed groups—completed training in Soufouroulaye and were integrated into the Armed Forces. The program aims to enroll 2,000 ex-combatants while providing socio-economic reintegration for 1,000 others. Though not legally tied to the new law, this initiative underscores the need for collaboration among Defense, Security, Reconciliation, and local authorities.

The success of this revamped framework hinges not on the names of institutions but on the effectiveness of the procedures that underpin them. Key factors include the implementation of subsidiary laws, intelligence-sharing mechanisms, local government resources, cyber expertise, integration tracking, and clearly defined responsibilities. The reform establishes a connected chain of command; its success will be measured by the speed of decision-making, on-the-ground coordination, and the trust between institutions, security forces, and the public.